Leadership Styles May Affect Organizational Leadership

An effective leader influences followers in a manner to achieve desired goals. Different leadership styles may affect organizational leadership is a stronger predictor of performance is influenced by a competitive and innovative culture. Organizational Culture is influenced by leadership style and consequently, leadership style affects organizational performance. Nearly every business that people engage in requires some organizational leadership to ensure that things go smoothly. Sometimes people clamor for that position while others shrink away from it because they are uncertain of their own abilities. There are many different ways to approach leadership when you’ve been placed in charge. The leader-Member exchange is one such theory to†¦show more content†¦A leader is most effective when this communication has respect, and trust. There is one criticism of this theory based on fairness. Because of the dynamics of in and out groups, all group members won’t receive the same attention from the leader. One of those ways is situational leadership, a theory first proposed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard in the â€Å"Training and Development Journal† in 1969. They viewed traditional leadership as one side no longer fits every situation. Situational leadership his was designed to address the dilemma of matching managers to proper job based on maturity and leadership skills. Blanchard and Hersey theorized that various situations called for different types of leadership. In order to be successful, a leader has to be able to adapt to those different situations (Northouse, p.99). Situational leadership has four leadership styles that help influence the subordinates. A leaders decisions are based on the ability and motivation of his or her subordinates, ranging from highly motivated and hi skill to low motivation and low skill. The graph below demonstrates this. None of the styles is considered to be optimal. In order for leaders to be effective, they must be able to adapt and be flexible depending on each situation that arrises. Situational leadership has several strengths and weaknesses. Path Goal theory states that a good

Joseph Stalin s Influence On Life - 1428 Words

Joseph Stalin was in control for over twenty years and during that time he not only tried to conquer Nazism, but he also tried to update Russia. He definitely represented the word terror whenever he was in power as well. Whenever he learned what it felt like to rule, he loved it. Joseph Stalin was born on December 18th, 1879, in Gori, Georgia. He was the son of a cobbler and a washerwomen. Joseph was a very weak child. He has scars on his face from smallpox whenever he was only seven. He was in a carriage accident a couple years after that that left his left arm a little disfigured. He could have gotten his injury from blood poisoning. The children around him treated him awful because of he was seen as nothing but weak. This led Joseph to want to be respected more and he wanted to be better overall. This also led him to be awful to anyone that was mean to him. Another reason he could have wanted power so bad is that he grew up with his father abusing his mother and himself . Stalin saw how much respect his father got from doing awful things to get it, therefore he grew up thinking that if he was mean to people he would get respect. The children seeing him as nothing but weak did not help that either. His mother wished for him to become a priest and did end up putting him in church school in 1888. Joseph performed well in school and got a scholarship to Tiflis Theological Seminary in 1894. Even though he did really well in school, he left in 1899.Show MoreRelatedJoseph Stalin : The Dictator Of The Soviet Union Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Stalin was a former general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist party of the Soviet Union. Stalin was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 1929 to 1953. His Red Army helped defeat Nazi Germany during WWII. On December 18th, 1879, in the Russian peasant village of Gori, Georgia, Joseph Stalin was born. His full birthname was Josef Vissarionovich Djugashvili. He died on March 5th, 1953 in Kuntsevo Dacha. Joseph was buried in the Kremlin Wall NecropolisRead MoreJoseph Stalins Power1574 Words   |  7 Pages Joseph Stalin is one of the most notorious figures in history. It all started in 1875, with a young Caucasian, Vissarion Ivanovich (son of Ivan) Djugashvili, set out from the village Didi – Lilo, near Tiflis, the capital of the Caucasus, to settle in the little Georgian country town of Gori. There he started a small shoemakers business. Vissarion Djugashvili was the son of Geogian peasants who only ten years before had still been surfs. He was just a slave to some Georgian landlord. He would neverRead MoreStalins Rise To Power984 Words   |  4 Pages Comrade General Secretary Joseph Stalin’s rise to power in the former Soviet Union was born in the midst of the Russian Revolution of 1917. His association and friendship with Vladimir Lenin also played an integral part in the dictator’s power grab. Stalin participated in the December 1904 oil worker strike in Baku, Georgia, which ended successfully later that month. It was the first time in Russian history that a collective bargaining agreement was signed between oil company owners and oil workersRead MoreLeon Trotsky s Influence On The Soviet Revolution1496 Words   |  6 Pagesrevolutionary military ideas made him a great military leader. However, Leon Trotsky was also prone to arrogance, fatal over-confidence, dismissiveness and sarcasm, qualities that contributed to his demise. His downfall was caused by Joseph Stalin as well. Joseph Stalin set out to destroy the old party leadership and take total control. Leon Trotsky was one of the most influential Russian lea ders, because of his political and military leadership and revolutionary theories. Leon Trotsky helped makeRead MoreEssay on The life of Joseph Stalin554 Words   |  3 PagesThe life of Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin. One of the Russias most supreme leaders. But one of its most horrid as well. He brought them up while also letting them down. Some could say where would we be without him. But others wish they never were led by him. He went from nothing to the most powerful man in the now most powerful country. In the early years. He was first born Josef Vissarionovich Djugashvili to a poor shoemaker of a father on December 21 1879. It was a small village calledRead MoreAnimal Farm Or Ussr Part II1243 Words   |  5 Pageslike All the King’s Men a novel by Robert Penn Warren, Animal Farm has strong political undertones relating to the the skewed government of Soviet Russia. Throughout the book many animal characters can be identified with the political leaders and influences throughout Soviet Russia. According to New World Encyclopedia, â€Å"New Historicism is an approach to literary criticism and literary theory based on the premise that a literary work should be considered a product of the time, place, and historicalRead More Comparing Dictators Adolf Hitler versus Benito Mussolini versus Joseph Stalin1660 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will compare the three leaders who are famous for their dictatorship and totalitarianism during the 30s decade-Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Joseph Stalin. Totalitarianism is when a government gains absolute and total control over the country, including the freedom of thought and will as well as the citizen?s lifestyle, no other political parties are allowed and has the concept where the country is most important. The difference and similarity between their ideology, usage of propagandaRead MoreWas The Cold War Happened?1602 Words   |  7 PagesWinston Churchill, and Soviet premier Joseph Stalin-convened at Yalta in the Soviet Crimea. This was the leadership of the world powers at the beginning of the end of WWII and the beginning of the Cold War. At the Yalta conference the world powers discussed the agreements on Poland and Japan. Stalin believed that Poland should fall under Russia’s rule. â€Å"He considered a Soviet Sphere of influence in Eastern Europe essential to Russian security†(PG. 832). Stalin believed that by controlling PolandRead MoreWhy Did Joseph Stalin Cause Tension Between The United States Of Am erica And The Union Of Soviet Communist Soviet1753 Words   |  8 Pagesinvestigation assesses the following question: To what extent did Joseph Stalin cause tension between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the World War II era? To grasp the true cause of the Cold War, research must include insight into separate ideals believed by each; the will of communism spread vs the will of capitalism to contain it; the anxiety of nuclear war; and the presidency of Harry S. Truman. The main sources will include Stalin’s Curse, writtenRead MoreCommunism And Eastern Europe : World War II1385 Words   |  6 PagesCapitalism led by the Western Allies, funded by the United States Marshall Plan, spread providing a short time of economic prosperity. The American’s plan however could not venture as far east as West Germany with Moscow’s direction of Communism led by Joseph Stalin and he took over a large portion of Eastern Europe wi th many open statements and empty promises. These two ideologies caused an enlarged time of tension stemming from the drastically different values they were known to embrace, leading to a horrific

Sor Juana Free Essays

Writing Assignment Maria Zuniga Book ReportDecember 9, 2005 Corrections â€Å"Sor Juana† is a biography of Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz written by Octavio Paz and translated by Margaret Sayers Peden. It is a book of 470 pages divided in six parts that besides Sor Juana’s life and work, explain the difficulties of the time for an intellectual woman. It was published by The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1988. We will write a custom essay sample on Sor Juana or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reading this book gave me the best opportunity to know more about someone that although has been very influential in my entire life, I didn’t know all her history.My admiration and respect for Sor Juana started since I was a child and one of my sisters used to read her poems. Through my literature classes I knew a little more about her and the admiration and respect continued growing. Sor Juana became for me a stereotype of intellect, power, femininity, persistence and freedom combined with the devotion to God. Her story makes me learn to follow my dreams, to be ambitious, and over all to never ever give up. Juana Ines de la Cruz was born in Mexico in 1648. She grew up in the Panayan Hacienda, which was run for her mother for more than thirty years although she never learned to read.Sor Juana started to take lessons at age or three. During a long period of her childhood, she didn’t eat cheese because â€Å"It made one slow-witted,† and â€Å"Desire for learning was stronger than the desire for eating. † By the time she was six or seven, she knew how to read and write. As she couldn’t go to the university (because she was a woman), she studied and read by herself. She used to cut-off several inches of her hair (when hair was considered one of the most important female features), as a challenge for new learning â€Å"A head shouldn’t be adorned with hair and naked of learning† If she didn’t meet the goal, then she cut it again.Sor Juana was sent to Mexico City when she was eight to live with her grandfather, who had one of the biggest libraries of those times. By age 15, as one of the most learned women in Mexico, she was presented at court with the Viceroy and his wife (maximum authorities in Mexico). As a lady-in waiting, Juana Ines would become known at court for her wit and beauty as well as for her erudite intelligence. To ascertain the extent of her learning, the Marquise gathered together some of the most astute minds of the day, poets, historians, theologians, philosophers, and mathematicians.Juana Ines answered the questions and arguments directed at her, impressing them all with her mental prowess. At age 20 she entered the Convent of San Jeronimo, known for the mildness of its discipline. The convent was not a ladder toward God but a refuge for a woman who found herself alone in the world. She lived in a two-storey cell where she read insatiably and amassed an impressive library while pursuing her writing and intellectual pursuits. She brought the elegance of the court with her by transforming the convent locutory into an intellectual salon.The next Viceroy, the Marquis de La Laguna and the Marquise Maria Luisa, the Countess de Pareda, were among the court society and literary devotees who came to talk and debate with Sor Juana. Sor Juana wrote sacred poems and erotic love poems, vocal music, villancicos performed in the cathedral, plays, secular comedies, and some of the most significant documents in the history of feminism and philosophical literature. Her use of language, though characterized by the Baroque style, has a modern essence.Her public face reveals the impiousness of an undaunted spirit who appears, not as a nun, but as an independent woman. One of Sor Juana’s archetypes was Isis, Egyptian goodness inventor of writing, a symbol of intellect. She also identified herself with maidens of antiquity, poetically divinely inspired to produce poems and prophecies thinking â€Å"There were not enou gh punishment or reprimands to prevent me from reading. † The life and work of Sor Juana lines can be summed as: knowledge is a transgression committed by a solitary hero who then is punished.Not the glory of knowledge (denied to mortals) but the glory of the act of knowing. Sor Juana was a pivotal figure who lived at a unique point in history bound by two opposing world views: one the closed universe of Ptolemy and of the Inquisition, which still held sway in Mexico/New Spain; the other characterized by the new science of Copernicus, Newton, and Galileo. On her monumental philosophical poem Primer sueno/First Dream the soul is pictured as intellect, not a religious pilgrim. At the height of the journey, at the fullest understanding reason can attain, there was no vision.Instead, the soul drew back at the immensity of the universe and foundered in confusion. In 1690, requested by the Bishop, Sor Juana wrote her only theological criticism, which she insisted not for public view. However, the Bishop published and censured it with an imaginary name of â€Å"Sor Philotea. † In defiant response, Sor Juana wrote â€Å"La Respuesta de la poetisa a la muy ilustre Sor Philotea de la Cruz,† a feminist manifesto defending women’s right to be educated and pursue learning, citing over 40 women who had made significant contributions throughout history.This work ignited the church’s wrath. In a climate of intimidation and fear Sor Juana signed â€Å"Protesta que rubricada con su sangre, hizo de su fe y amor a Dios† a statement of self-condemnation in bloodShe renewed her vows and surrendered her musical and scientific instruments, as well as her library of 4,000 volumes, considered at that time to be the largest in Mexico. Two years of silence and penance followed. Then in 1695, while ministering to nuns struck by an epidemic, she herself succumbed and died.Sor Juana has been an inspirational model to follow through all the situations t hat she faced. She succeeded in a world that was completely against her. The lack of father, which was almost a crime in that time, the lack of freedom to study, to talk, even to think, and over all the prohibition to be herself were some of her obstacles. Every time I am facing an obstacle, I just recall her story and imagine the innumerable sacrifices she had made to get the freedom of learning.After reading her story, I see the world in a different way. Now I know that all those small decisions that I take every day, such as the cloth I wear, what to eat, to read, what to say, and even what to feel are privileges granted for marvelous people like Sor Juan Ines de la Cruz. I also know that all those people had to pay a high price for these privileges; some of them pay with their lives. I feel not just impressed, but grateful to Sor Juana, her cultural heredity, and woman’s worth. How to cite Sor Juana, Papers

IT Alignment Volkswagen Company

Question: Discuss about the IT Alignment Volkswagen Company. Answer: Introduction IT alignment in the business is referred to the IT processes that are aligned to the business in order to achieve the organizational goals and to make the business more effective (Ye and Wang 2013). These alignment procedures generally supports the business and are incorporated with them in order to increase the efficiency of the business. The report provides a brief analysis about the Volkswagen case study and the IT alignment in the business related to it. The report provides the strengths and weaknesses of Volkswagen and their operations. In addition to this the report also provides the role of the IS in the company. The IT alignment of the company, the challenges faced by it and the remedies to the challenges have also been provided in the report. Strength and Challenges of Volkswagen The first car of the company was designed in the year 1930 by Ferdinand Porsche in Germany (Walter 2014). The vehicles were designed with the purpose of transporting families at a very high speed with very low consumption of fuel. The Beetle was one of the most popular cars that were designed by the company. It is bestselling car of all time. The sales of the car increased at a huge rate after its introduction to the market. The sale of the car continued for about 20 years. The sales ended around the year 1970. Although, the Latin America the sales of the car went on till 1990. Strength The company provided the cars for family purposes. The cars could maintain an effective highway speed. The cars also consumed a very low amount of fuel. The Beetle had reliable air cooled engines. The vehicles that were designed by the company were very stylish. In addition to all these the company had been proposed to accept more than 40 projects lately. Challenges During the 1990s the sales of the company dropped precariously. In addition to this the midlevel managers at the Volkswagen of America company had developed some unhealthy professional habits that hampered the company. In addition to this, the Executive also wanted to break the patterns of the sales of the company. In addition to this, the company were allocated projects worth $210 million, but the company had budget allocation of only about $60 millions Volkswagens Operations In order to tackle the challenges faced by the company lately they had to implement some resolutions for countering the effects of their decreasing sales (Bereford and Barrie 2015). The company had developed a motive to keep the main focus on the core processes of marketing that would be helping the company in focusing on the marketing and the sales processes, the after sales services that are provided to the customers, and the logistics of the vehicular distribution procedures. In addition to this, the company also want to push for the one-tier brand position. They wanted to improve the overall rank in the market. The Information system had performed several role for the company (Bakersville and Wood-Harper 2016). The IS produced the rate of sales for the company per year. The sales of the company peaked in the year 1960. But after the period the sale of the company went into cycles of ups and downs. Due this the sales chart was also known as the Himalayas chart. The sale fell until the rabbit was introduced in the year 1977. The rates of sales of the beetles were decreased by the year 1970 but had continued in Latin America till 1990. But the sales of the company were the lowest in the year 1990. THIs phase was known as the valley of despair. The IS of the company also indicated to the company the need of diversifying their products. IT alignment at Volkswagen question how can IT alignment be achieved Challenges of the IT alignment Due to this IT alignment of the company the company faced many challenges andifficulties (Ullah and Lai 2013). Remedies of the challenges. Weak point identified by Group Audit: the shortcomings and misconduct of employees and other weakness faced in the processes. The tolerance of company against breaching of certain rules was looked after. Conclusion For conclusion it can be easily said that the, IT alignment is very important for any kind of organization. The report has provided the case of the Volkswagen of America company. Although the organization faces several challenges due to the IT alignment, yet they can be very easily overcome to increase the overall efficiency of the company. References Baskerville, R.L. and Wood-Harper, A.T., 2016. A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research. InEnacting Research Methods in Information Systems: Volume 2(pp. 169-190). Springer International Publishing. Beresford, B. and Barrie, P., 2015. Using Performance Mapping and Gap Analysis to Improve Performance: An Evidence-Based Assessment.Cases on Human Performance Improvement Technologies, p.1. Coltman, T., Tallon, P., Sharma, R. and Queiroz, M., 2015. Strategic IT alignment: twenty-five years on.Journal of Information Technology,30(2), pp.91-100. Gerow, J.E., Thatcher, J.B. and Grover, V., 2015. Six Types of IT-Business Strategic Alignment: An investigation of the constructs and their measurement.European Journal of Information Systems,24(5), pp.465-491. Ismail, N.A. and King, M., 2014. Factors influencing the alignment of accounting information systems in small and medium sized Malaysian manufacturing firms.Journal of Information Systems and Small Business,1(1-2), pp.1-20. Ullah, A. and Lai, R., 2013. A systematic review of business and information technology alignment.ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS),4(1), p.4. Walter, T., 2014.Total Cost of Ownership-Demonstrating the importance of quality awareness in the purchasing function of the Volkswagen Group of America(Master's thesis, University of Twente). Wu, S.P.J., Straub, D.W. and Liang, T.P., 2015. How information technology governance mechanisms and strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights from a matched survey of business and it managers.Mis Quarterly,39(2), pp.497-518. Ye, F. and Wang, Z., 2013. Effects of information technology alignment and information sharing on supply chain operational performance.Computers Industrial Engineering,65(3), pp.370-377.